Essay about The Law on Demonstrations of Rights - 613 Words

Occupied the law on demonstrations attention of many individuals in the current period . Where abounded preparation demonstrations and became demonstrations factional does not represent all sides , but represent a few , which led to the government taking a decision to pass a law to pretend to reduce these demonstrations , which have become the only solution and the shelter first to turn to any even individual gain their rights without regard to the rights of other individuals. And pressure on the government to accept his demands and only spread chaos . And that it led to a split society into two parties . First party in accordance with the law on demonstrations to reduce riots and chaos and make the wheel production going and push the†¦show more content†¦Ones that demonstrators do not have a commander led , but the leaders are manifold, and other leaders do not know the source , so each one is acting in his opinion and thought. Which leads to frequent disputes and everyone wants to be alone with his opinion . Which leads to frequent political disputes and lack of access to resolve these problems by pretending that they created. The large number of demonstrations led to Economic problems . There is many economic problems had been appeared in Egypt due to demonstrations When the revolution in any country should expect economic decline for a period of more than one reason. The revolution, any revolution, must affect the degree of contentment investor (foreign and national alike) of what could come by the future, The rate of growth of output in the recession and increasing unemployment When security is deteriorating due to the circumstances of the revolution, declining tourism revenues, and increase transportation costs and risk insurance, are credited new reasons for the deterioration of the growth rate and the increase in unemployment. The Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics,: the unemployment rate in Egypt has risen to record 13.4% of the total labor These is due to there is about 5ooo factory had been closed and theseShow MoreRelatedThe United Kingdom Public Law Essay922 Words   |  4 P agesThe United Kingdom Public Law United Kingdom Public Law Public law is the section of law that governs the relationship between individuals and the government and other relationships between individuals, which directly concern the society. It comprises of constitutional law, tax law, criminal law and administrative law. In public law, compulsory rules prevail. Freedom of speech is the notion of publicly voicing one’s view without the fear of being punished or censored. In the UK, the freedomRead MoreNonviolent Protests: An argumentative essay1411 Words   |  6 Pages1773, the Civil Rights Movement and the Pro-Life Movement of the 1960s, to the Tea Party Movement and Occupy Wall Street Movement of current times, â€Å"those struggling against unjust laws have engaged in acts of deliberate, open disobedience to government power to uphold higher principles regarding human rights and social justice† (DeForrest, 1998, p. 653) through nonviolent protests. Perhaps the most well-known of the non-violent protests are those associat ed with the Civil Rights movement. The movementRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr : Letter From Birmingham Jail Essay1678 Words   |  7 PagesMorehouse College where he took law instead of theology which he later realized were intertwined. He used his law understanding while preaching. He always wanted to see the black people liberated and therefore joined the SCLC. In 1963, Martin Luther King Jr was arrested for participating in civil rights demonstrations in Alabama. The demonstrations were as a result of many black men participating in the Second World War. They came back more enlightened on their rights. They now had a new belief thatRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr. s Letter From A Birmingham Jail873 Words   |  4 PagesAfter criticism from eight Alabama clergymen for his nonviolent demonstrations, Martin Luther King Jr. was compelled to enlighten them on the current issues plaguing the African American community. During his confinement in a Birmingham jai l, King wrote Letter from a Birmingham Jail to address most of the clergymen s concerns about his protest. In his letter, King emphasized why his actions were not unwise or untimely and explained that now was the perfect moment to act. His studies and sermonsRead More Analysis of Letter from Birmingham by Martin Luther King Jr.937 Words   |  4 Pagesmost recognized, if not the greatest civil rights activist in this century. He has written papers and given speeches on the civil rights movement, but one piece stands out as one of his best writings. â€Å"Letter from Birmingham† was an intriguing letter written by King in jail in the city of Birmingham, Alabama. He was responding to a letter written by eight Alabama Clergyman that was published in a Birmingham Alabama newspaper in 1963 regarding the demonstrations that were occurring to stop segregationRead MoreThe Role Of Civil Disobedience And The Civil Rights Movement1503 Words   |  7 Pagessuch as Nicaragua. This being said, civil protests and peaceful demonstrations were not necessarily more successful in exuding change than pieces of legislation but moreso acted as a catalyst for social change, leading towards legislation that would positively impact those who protested. The concept of civil disobedience and peaceful demonstration acting as a catalyst can be examined mainly through the protests during the Civil Rights Movement in the U.S. and the Sandinista movement in Nicaragua.Read MoreFaith Integration Paper936 Words   |  4 Pagesstatement is closely related to the Law of Legacy and very relevant to being a leader in the modern business world. The statement only consists of a few words, but these words are very powerful and if this statement is followed, your reputation as a leader will be respected and hopefully emulated. The statement is, â€Å"Lead by example, do what is right, be the best you can be, and treat others the way you would like to be treated.† I believe this statement is related to the law of legacy because it is actionRead MoreThe Treatment Of The Jews During The Holocaust1501 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Merriam-Webster dictionary, legal is defined as â€Å"conforming to or permitted by law or established rule† (merriam webster). It then defines moral as, â€Å"expressing or teaching a conception or right behavior† (merriam webster). Dr. King gives a touching look at the difference between legality and morality with the example of events that took place with Germany under the leadership of Hitler. He explains that in Nazi Germany, it was â€Å"legal† to abuse and humiliate Jews. He then statesRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King s Letter From Birmingham Jail955 Words   |  4 Pagessegregation in Birmingham, Alabama. During the demonstration he was arrested and lives in the jail for eight days. While he was in prison, he wrote his letter from Birmingham Jail to explain his actions and those who urged him to call off the demonstrations. Martin Luther King Jr. Birmingham Jail is important because, he explains the reasons for the non-violent demonstrations, he shows that black people are intelligent, and he criticizes the unjust laws of black people. Eight Alabama Clergymen wereRead MoreEgyptian Political Institution Analysis : The Arab Spring1744 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernments of this region. While these demonstrations were held in the name of democracy, the aftermath had the opposite effect. Many of the instituted reforms, while they were positive in rhetoric, did not have the desired effects upon the state. The military now possesses nearly unlimited power, the judicial system overwhelmingly corrupt and unjust, and minorities, both religious and those belonging to the LGBT community, are not given equal protection under the law. Through regression analysis it was

The Epidemic Of Infectious Diseases - 987 Words

This chain of infection develops when each link connects to the other. That means it must links up together in order to be infectious diseases. However, the breaking away of any of the link will mean that, transmission of infection is stopped. On the other hand, breaking of any chain can stop the transmission of infection. The concept (infectious diseases) have been one of the major killers of both living and nonliving things and this term was recently replaced with chronic diseases as well as injuries as primary killers in the United States of America (Scutchfield, 2003). However, the main advances of infectious disease control to date have been the use of food and water protection as well as immunizations. This will be viewed as how it’s transmitted from one person to the other. Recent research shows that, there are three major means by which infections can be transmitted and they include direct transmission, indirect transmission and airborne transmission (Hinman, Wasserheit and Kamb,1995). Direct transmission occurs when the physical contact between an infected person and susceptible person (division of public health, 2011). A typical example is a person with infectious disease like STDs/HIV passes the diseases to the healthy person through sexual contact, blood contact or body fluids. Examples of direct contact include, touching, sexual intercourse, kissing, contact with oral secretions or even body lesions. However, measles and chicken pox are said to be conditionsShow MoreRelatedInfectious Diseases And The Epidemic Essay1273 Words   |  6 PagesInfectious diseases according to the Mariam Webster Dictionary, is â€Å"a disease caused by the entrance into the body of organisms (as bacteria, protozoans, fungi, or viruses) which grow and multiply thereâ € . Infectious diseases has been one of the biggest issues facing mankind since the beginning of time. Particularly due to the fact that we will never truly get rid of infectious diseases as a new one seems to appear every few years. From diseases such as the great plague, the H1N1 influenza and moreRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Infectious Disease911 Words   |  4 Pagespreventing infectious diseases from spreading throughout the human population. However, despite their attempts new and emerging viruses such as HIV/AIDS, Ebola and sudden acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) have continued to develop and cause a drastic impact on society worldwide . As the development of new diseases continues to emerge worldwide there has been an increase in concerns regarding the importance of acquiring new methods to detect and help prevent the spread of infectious diseases. With thisRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Infectious Diseases Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesFor thousands of years, infectious diseases have had a strong influence over human populations by challenging the immune system to continuously adapt to new virulent strains. With the advantage of reproducing more rapidly than the human immune response, microorganisms that cause even minor infections can prove to be fatal (Parham, 2015). Over time, outbreaks such as ‘The Great Plague’ have threatened to bring an end to society. Without the ability to contain these diseases geographically and provideRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Infectious Disease1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe words â€Å"infectious disease† have been feared by humans from the time they were initially disco vered and this fear continues to persist into the current status of the 21st century. This inherent fear stems from the ability of the tiny, pathogenic microorganisms responsible for these infectious diseases to wipe out thousands, or even millions from the human population. Though some may view infectious disease is an issue of the past, it still wreaks havoc in many of the worlds’ developing nationsRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Infectious Diseases Essay1898 Words   |  8 Pagesdefines infectious diseases as â€Å"diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi that can be spread, directly or indirectly from one person to another† (World Health Organization [WHO], n.d.). Infectious diseases have been plaguing humanity since the beginning of time. One can find stories of infectious diseases outbreaks in various history and/or science textbooks, different disease-based websites, and even the Bible. These types of diseases are treatableRead MoreInfectious And Deadly Diseases : An Indispensable Approach For Understanding Epidemics Of Infectious Diseases890 Words   |  4 PagesResearch paper Infectious and deadly diseases have been known to spread over social networks of people and animals. Network epidemiology has been proved as an indispensable approach for understanding epidemics of infectious diseases and is often used in medical epidemiology and network science. The most famous and practical example of network epidemiology is the GLEAMviz platform, which succeeded in forecasting the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, saving millions of lives. Behind network epidemiology, one canRead MoreEpidemiological Trends And Design Control Programs Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesWhen looking at infectious diseases and epidemics, one of the better ways of seeing its impact is through mathematical models. Mathematical models allow us to examine the potential impact of these epidemics a well as potential control of the situations. Anderson and May (1992) describe the use of mathematical models, and how they’re advantageous in showing stages of infectious agents within human communities, in order to help interpret epidemiological trends and design control programs. InitiallyRead MorePrevention And Prevention Of Infectious Diseases881 Words   |  4 PagesEliminating Infectious Disease Infectious diseases are viruses, bacteria, or fungi that are transmitted from one another by contact, bodily fluids, or contaminated air, food, or water supply. The diseases make up one-fourth to one-third of worldwide deaths annually and are a major threat to human health. It was believed that vaccines, antibiotics, and public health had effectively eliminated the threat of infectious disease. Because of the belief that infectious diseases were a thing of the pastRead MoreThe Disease Aids And The Us Public Health Department1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe Disease AIDS And The US Public Health Department The disease AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. The epidemic disease AIDS affected the US in 1981. The disease AIDS is defined according the world health Organization (WHO) ‘’ Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a term which applies to the most advanced stages of HIV infection†. An outbreak virus that struck women, men, and children from every single part of world. A known disease of gay men that causedRead MoreMajor Features Of Modern Society1562 Words   |  7 PagesTopic B: New Diseases There are currently many features of modern society that increase ours risk for the development and spread of new infectious diseases, these include such diseases as lymes Disease, West Nile Virus, Staph. Aures (MRSA) and many other new and remerging infectious diseases. In modern society the main issues that are faced include such things as the density of the population, the increased resistance to current antibiotics and antibacterial agent, changing biodiversity, climate

History of 21st February Free Essays

string(31) " is not difficult to describe\." There arc 6,000 to 7,000 spoken languages in the world and half of them arc in danger of extinction. The Interna tional Mother Language Day that is celebrated annually on Feb. 21, after it was declared by UNESCO in November 1999, reminds us of the necessity, mier alia, of protecting these languages from extinction by promoting meir importance. We will write a custom essay sample on History of 21st February or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is important to keep these languages in practice; languages are simply not a random compilation of words but a means of communication, interaction and understanding among different peoples. The language, thus, is one of the mediums that form the socio-oil rural identity of a nation. A Language is more than just a way of sharing our views with the world; it has its own history as welt. The language of a nation can sometimes contribute to the contents of its history Great works of literature as well as the legacy of a nation might bc lost if the language is lost. A language helps create unity among a group  ° people; a persons mother tongue is an important aspect of her/his culture and the identity of who he/she is. Feb. 1,1952 marks an important event in the history leading toward the emergence of Bangladesh, which declared independence on March 26,1971. The Bangla Language Movement, reaching its pinnacle on this very day in 1952, was a political mass uprising in Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan), which demanded mat Bangla – the mother tongue spoken by the majority of the population – should bc recognized as the second official language besides the the n existing state Language that was spoken by only a minority of the population. This would allow the Bangla language to bc taught in schools and used in government affairs. After the partition of India rn 1947 into Pakistan and India, Bangla-speaking people in Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan) made up 44 million of the newly formed Pakistans 69 million people. However, in 1947 at a national education summit a minority language was declared by the then state machinery as the sole state language to bc used in all spheres of life, including media and schools. This Jed to a situation where almost 70 percent of the population that formed the majority and spoke Bangi* were practically required to discard their mother tongue Bangla, which they had used for thousands of wirs. nd learn afresh a completely alien minority language. Students of Dhaka University and other colleges of the city in Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan) organized a general strike on March 11,1948 to protest the exclusion of the Bangla language from official use, including on coins, stamps and in official competitive tests / examinations. Later taking the shape of a popular movement, the protest restated the demand that Bangla be declared an official language of the state. On feb. 1,1952 students of the Dhaka University along with member-, ol the public defied the unconstitutional ban on peaceful protests and organized a protest that resulted in police opening fire and killing a number of students, including Abdus Salam, Rafiq Uddin Ahmed, Abul Barkat and Abdul Jabbar. Resultantly, a massive popular upheaval spread across Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan) as large processions ignored the unconstitutional ban on peaceful protests and condemned the actions of the police. At one stage more than 30,000 people assembled at Curzon Hall of Dhaka University in Dhaka. During the continued protests, police actions led to the death of more people. This prompted Bangla speaking government officials and civil servants from different organizations to boycott government offices and join the procession. The â€Å"All-Party Central Language Action Committee†, supported by the majority of the population, decided to commemorate Feb. 21 as Shahid Dibosh (Martyrs Day). On the first anniversary of the protests, people across Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan) wore black badges in solidarity with the dead and victims of violence Most offices, bank ond educational institutions in Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan) were closed to observe the occasion. Student groups made agreements with educational institutions ond police officials to preserve law and order. However, the state machinery provoked tensions by declaring that those who wanted Bangla to become on official language would be considered an â€Å"enemy of the state. Despite the restrictions to mark the anniversary of the protests, the Bangali population took to the streets. Demonstrations broke out on the night of Feb 21,1954 with various halls of Dhaka University raising black flags in mourning. Several students and protesters were arrested indiscriminately to foil the commemoration. On May 7,1954. the constituent assembly was forced to resolve to grant official status to the Bangla language. Bangla was recognized j the second official language of the state on Feb. 29. 1956. Although the question of official languages was settled by 1956, the Bangai! eople were discriminated against in every sphere of Life. The Bangali community, despite being the overwhelming majority, continued to bc under-represented in the civil and military services, and received a minority of state funding and other government assistance. The demands of these people were overlooked. One demand was that the province of East Pakistan be called Bangladesh (Land of Bangalis), which later contributed into the declaration of Independence of Bangladesh on March 26, 1971 ond culminated in a prolonged bloody â€Å"Liberation War† that saw the emergence of an Independent Peoples Republic of Bangladesh. The struggle to freely use the mother tongue of a majority population of a coun tn once resulted in bloodshed for the people of Bangladesh and contributed significantly to the movement and war of her Independence. However, today it ts a different fight for many people; it is a fight to keep their mother tongue in use so that an important part of their cultures is not lost The writer is a Year 1 student at Taylor College. (The article was written in commemoration of the Language Movement of Bangladesh /International Mother Language Day. ) The Language Movement  : Its Political and Cultural Significance Scrajul Islam Choudhury What had happened on the 21st of February in 1952 is not difficult to describe. You read "History of 21st February" in category "Papers" Some lives were lost when police opened fire on agitating students. What the students were agitating for is also well-known. They wanted Bengali to be recognized as one of the two state languages of what was then an undivided Pakistan. But a description like this would be patently superfluous, for it would not describe what had really happened, let alone reflect the feelings that the movement had embodied and roused. The movement of 21st February was not sentimental, but it represented very deep-rooted sentiments. To begin with, the movement did not lose its significance even after an official recognition of Bengali as one of the two state languages. It went ahead, gained in depth and momentum as it went, y and, ultimately, made the emergence of an independent Bangladesh inevitable. But even after we had achieved a state where Bengali is the only and not one of the two state languages the movement has not ceased to be vital. Why? The answer is easy. Bengali has not yet been accorded the place of honour and importance that it deserves. The rate of literacy has not risen above the poor 22 per cent. Of ~th~o e who know the alphabet many do not read books. Some ddb get books, others do not need them. The vast majority of the population has been denied for ages the right to use Bengali. The illiterate person, oftener a women than a man, does not know any other language, but he does not know Bengali either in the literate sense. Those who are well-to-do do not need Bengali. Social and commercial intercourse tends to be more effective when done in English in unspoken opposition to Bengali. The cultural milieu of the sophisticated tends very often to be shorn of the use of Bengali almost to the extent it is sophisticated. International communication is, of course, done in English. Bengali, thus, is not properly used either by the very rich or the very poor, the former shies away voluntarily, the latter has no choice. The middle class uses it, but not in as extensive a manner as could have been expected. We do not print books in large number. Nor are the titles wide   ranging. for books are expensive to print and difficult to sell. The problem is rooted in the very socio-political and economic reality of Bangladesh. And it is this reality that invests the language movement of the 21st of February with an enormous significance and meaning. How does one account for the rise of this movement ? Was it due to the wrong decision of any particular person or group? Most obviously not. The movement was as spontaneous as it was inevitable. Despite its later ramifications and complexities the movement was a simple expression of the irreconcilable, indeed ever-increasing, contradiction between the rulers and the ruled. The ruling classes wanted to impose Urdu on the Bengale s with a view to keeping them subjugated for generations to come ~I’he issue was far from linguistic, it was grossly political and economic. The imposition of Urdu was a part, albeit not an easily recognisable part, of the ruthless exploitation of the Begalccs by West Pakistani monopoly capital and civil-military bureaucracy. The language movement brought to the fore what had hitherto, lain undetected inside the deliberately roused sentiments of Pakistani nationalism. The oppressed people of East Bengal had joined the Pakistan movement in the hope of achieving a better standard of living consequent upon the establishment of an independent state. That the hope was unreal was cruelly exposed by the fondly proclaimed arbitrary decision of the rulers to make Urdu the only state language of Pakistan. There was no escaping this fact. Language was, undoubtedly,. the declared issue. But the movement was not for reforming the language, not even for winning recognition for Bengali as one of the state languages, although that was the manifest objective. It was aimed, really, at the emancipation of an oppressed people. The rulers were obliged to recognise the destructive potentiality of the movement. For what was constructivee for the oppressed Bengalees was destructive for the oppressors- – such was the polarity of the situation. Facing the uncompromising reality, the Pakistani rulers had offered terms of a compromise. They did accommodate Bengali as a state language when the question of framing a constitution came to a head, 21st February was declared a public holiday- eventually. A board was set up for the development of Bengali language, But the movement was not to be hoodwinked by such tactics of accommodation. Compromise was impossible. The movement grew and grew, gained in depth and momentum, leading to the establishment of Bangladesh. M uch has been gained and yet much remains to be achieved. As indicated above, universal use of Bengali in Bangladesh remains a distant hope. It does not require much of an analysis to demonstrate that the objective of the language movement can be achieved only in a society which is free from exploition and is, therefore not poor. Poverty is the effect of exploitation, not its cause. Therefore, the movement of the 21st of February must be called a protest against the exploitation of man by man. It raised a determined voice against injustice. For what could be more unjust than the inflicting of a foreign tongue on a population of seventy million, constituting as it did the majority of the population of Pakistan as a whole. Our love for the Bengali language is traditional, it is based on very deep sentiments. But it is impossible to deny that it was not this love alone that had led us to join the language movement in swelling numbers. There was hatred as well. Hatred against injustice, against exploitation. The movement was essentially anti-colonial and anti feudal in character. It was aimed at overthrowing the none-too-hidden system of colonial exploitation sought to be perpetrated by the ruling classes. It was clearly anti-feudal in content inasmuch as it tried to win for the people their inalienable right to use their own language in state affairs. Love and hatred, they say, go together: and indeed they did in this very case, for the depth of hatred was only the obverse of the depth of love and vice versa. The language movement went like magnet over the iron of the suppressed feelings of the people. It provided the people with an outlet to their pent-up emotions against political injustice and social exploitation. It forged  a unity which was b_ oth creative and enduring. A section of the police in Dhaka had gone on strike even before 1952. They. had been fired upon. But that firing did not rouse the indignation that the firing of the. 21st of February did. The reason was that the latter firing was not aimed at any particular section of the peope, it was not designed to silence the professional demands of any specific group, its target was the entire Bengali-speaking people of Pakistan, irrespective of political belief or ideological commitment. For it hurt even those who had collaborated with the government. As long as exploitation of the many by the few remains, 21st February is unlikely to lose its significance. How did the movement begin? It began as a students’ movement. – Its centre was the university of Dhaka which was the only university in East Bengal at the time. The potentiality of the movement was unknown to the rulers, it was not known even to many of those who were at its forefront. Perhaps it-would die a natural death- the rulers, it is easy to imagine, had fondly hoped. But all estimates and expectations were belied. Once firing had started the movement spread-wider than a fire, faster than the bullets. It refused to be confined to the university campus; percolating through the railway, steamer and bus stations it reached almost every comer of the province. The public joined in it. The working class struck work, it became a movement against an insult hurled at the existence of a people. The Pakistani pretence became much too big for the mask. A new feeling of nationalism began to grow very rapidly indeed. And ultimately it was this new linguistic and, therefore, essentially secular, democratic and creative nationalism which prevailed over the makeshift nationalism of Pakistan. Pakistanism pretended to be spiritual which spiritualism was, so far as East Bengal was concerned, a cover for material exploitation of the classically crude type. The new awareness made people conscious about their material existence, tearing the veils of false hopes and comforts. Its creativeness was immeasurable. For it had touched and released the youth of the nation. The youth of the country had begun this movement. But it was not a youth movement. It was the youthfulness of a people that it had stirred. The movement’s creative power displayed itself in many, almost all aspects of life. New organisations – social. s- well as political – came into being. A new leadership–uncompromising and courageous-grew up to replace the established one. Politics topkk on a new character, it no longer remained a pastime of the privifegetl few.. In its changed character, politics became a threat to the existing s oc i a l system. Poets wrote busily; composers composed energetically. Flays, novels and short stories have been written on the theme. And it would be impossible to count the souvenirs_ that have been published to celebrate the spirit of the day. But the most precious creation Or the movement did not lie in any of these in isolation. It lay in something that united these diverse areas and manifestations and inspired them from behind. his was nothing more, or less, than a new consciousness. This consciousness is characterised, among other things, Ity an irreconcilable patriotism. True patroitism does not isolate; it unlles, it brings the individual to the community, and identifies collective; well being as the unfailing source of individual welfare. And it i. y this patriotism that the language movement carries with itself, and nourishes as it goes. N c language movement was essentially creative. It not only produced new works of literature, music, painting and drama but also, and more importantly, gave these creations a new content, which was unmistakably secular and democratic in character. The movement was anti-imperialist and anti-feudal; and it was therefore only natural that the cultural works it produced should have a militancy and a sew;e of direction they had not known before. Bengal, let us recall, was divided in 1947 on the basis of the so-called two-nation theory. Communalism was endemic in the very foundation of that partition. The democratic upsurge of February, 1962 stood firmly, atatiinst communalism. Communalism did not die, such monsters die hard, but it became weaker than it was in 1947. What was more significant was that a new path of development was laid open. People came tog`ther; forgetting their communal identity. They fought for a common cause. Then there was the important question of tradition. Pakistani nationalism had expected to survive and gain in strength by Whippin g up emotions around a false sense of tradition which sought to make the Bengalees of East Pakistan feel as if they belonged to the Middle East and not to the land where they, as well as their ancestors, were born and had their being. Ws, in fact, amounted to a ruthless attempt to disinherit them of their tradition. Not only in literature, but in all aspects of life and creativity what was natural and real was sought to be replaced by the unnatural and the unreal. The language movement came as an open challenge to this. Instead of encouraging deracination, it gave-the thinking section of the public a new sense of belonging. The homecoming had begun. It had no parallel in our past history. For the issue of tradition had never before been as clearly defined as it was during that fateful month of February, 1952. Bengalecs of East Pakistan began to take a new pride in their language which, they realized, constituted the very basis of their cultural identity. The creative artists working in all genres looked at life with a realism which gave their creations a nearness to life. They acquired a new awareness of the economic and political reality of the country. As a result, what they produced was significantly different – both in content and form-from what their predecessors had offered. The arts came closer to politics. The fact of economic exploitation of the poor by the rich also found its way into the creative imagination of the artists. For it had become clear that the Bengalecs were an exploited nation, and that their survival ultimately depended on their economic emancipation. A new taste was created, and a new standard of cultural judgement was set up. The movement had not only released the suppressed creative energies of a nation, it had also produced a hunger for more realistic works of art. The language movement represented for the Bengali speaking Pakistanis an entrance into a new area of creativity. The movement of 21st February has done for us another important work. It has drawn, clearly and unmistakably, a line of demarcation between the forces of light and darkness, of progress and reaction. To speak of light first. The light that matters most is the light of economic emancipation of the masses. Needless to say that the light of knowledge remains invaluable. Yet since hunger is the greatest extinguisher of ‘all other lights, no progress in the collective sense can be made without meeting the basic economic needs. And it is this light-the light of economic freedom-that the language movement had promised to the people of Bangladesh. The movement did something more. It distinguished the forces capable of giving life   giving light from those which persist in keeping the people submerged in the darkness of poverty and deprivation. The movement was successful in marking out progress from reaction. Progress, it showed, did not mean more material growth; it also meant, and not less importantly, the proper distribution of wealth. Proper distribution is equitable distribution. It does not need much imagination to see that what ails our economic life is inequality. Inequality has maimed the productive power of labour which is our greatest national asset. It has not allowed national creative powers to grow properly. That we are poor is due primarily to this inequality. The language movement identified progress as removal of the factors responsible for the existence of the social gulf. It also showed that progress and reaction cannot achieve a relationship of peaceful co   existence, that the antagonism between the two is irreconcilable and would not cease to be operative unless one of the two is completely liquidated. Perhaps it is unnecessary to say on which side the movement of 21st February stood, for its commitment to light against darkness and progress against reaction is total. All these make 21st February significant to us. The nation was not the same after that day, for it had gained a new sensibility, baptised in fire. True, the old order did not change immediately, it normally does not. But it was threatened to its very foundation. And the hope that a new world was not very far continued to grow. How to cite History of 21st February, Papers

Pride and Prejudice is one of Jane Austens most renowned and established novels Essay Example For Students

Pride and Prejudice is one of Jane Austens most renowned and established novels Essay Pride and Prejudice is one of Jane Austens most renowned and established novels. It was first published in 1813, four years before her death. The main focus of the novel is essentially about relationships; particularly those associated to love and marriage. This focus applies to many of her novels but, this does not make Austen a purely romantic novelist. The main reason why her pre-occupations towards love and marriage arise is chiefly because of the era in which the novels were written. At the time there was a very rigid society in which it was important for young women to be married as well as possible, preferably to someone of larger wealth and stature. Jane Austen wished to expose the folly of this period by the use of satire and irony, whilst adding light-hearted comedy through the use of characterisation. This is particularly seen in Pride and Prejudice where irony and satire are constant factors of the novel and comedy is introduced into the plot through Mrs Bennet. Mrs Bennet serves as the main comic character of the novel. She is a very insistent and frivolous woman, whose childish antics and charades constantly embarrass her and her family. She has very little social awareness and is often oblivious to body language and speech implying disapproval, depicting her immediately as insensitive and lacking awareness in general. Her chief pre-occupations are to see her five daughters marry well. This preoccupation fuels her day to day life and business and ensures she is always pro-active on its behalf, always keeping one eye open for marital opportunities. This clear even form the opening page of the novel when she learns that Netherfield Park, a near-bye residence, has been acquired by a wealthy young gentleman, named Bingley. She immediately seeks to make his acquaintance and is very persistent towards Mr Bennet to do so à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ how can you be so tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them. She has not even met Bingley and yet she immediately assumes that he will want to marry one of her daughters. This is one of many flaws in her character- she shows no insight and doesnt even consider finding out what Bingleys personality is like, who he is and why he has actually come to Hertfordshire. Her immediate assumption is that Bingley has come to Hertfordshire solely to find a wife, of course there is no clear evidence suggesting this. It is Mrs Bennets way of thinking, which causes her to almost trick herself in to believing that that is the outstanding reason for his arrival. This again illuminates her lack of understanding and common sense. Her pre-occupations broadcast how narrow-minded society was in that time and this is a deliberate device employed by Austen to show us the rigidity of the era. Mrs Bennet shows us that to marry her daughters off is her number one duty amongst the many important factors and duties there are in motherhood. Society at the time was formed in a number of social tiers. Much of society was involved in heightening their social status by gaining acceptance into the class above them, and essentially this was their ultimate goal in life. Austen characterises Mrs Bennet so that she is able to use her attitudes and behaviour to convey her own views about the era and to enlighten the reader on the narrow mindedness of society of that time. The characterisation she uses means that Mrs Bennet is at the fore-front of heavy satire, and we are aware of this very early on in the novel. Mrs Bennets relationship with Mr Bennet is noticeably flawed. It is clear, as soon as the opening chapter, that she is the inferior party of the two, most notably in intellect and wit. These inferiorities are seen on the opening page of the novel when Mrs Bennet is the victim of heavy mockery from Mr Bennet. When the subject of whom has acquired Netherfield Park Mrs Bennet asks Do you not want to know who has taken it? Mr Bennet replies You want to tell me, and I have no objection of hearing it. There is a clear air of sarcasm in his reply; this showing that he uses the ridicule of Mrs Bennet for his own amusement. Throughout the novel Mrs Bennet is on the receiving end of various comment from her husband and others that are saturated with sarcasm, satire and irony. These comments particularly refer to her poor judgement and flawed character, Mr Bennets satirisation have clear links with Austens own views and particularly her flair and style are expressed through the use of Mr Bennets general character and speech. In some ways Mrs Bennet brings this on herself, as her persistent follies are use as a motive for Mr Bennets ridicule towards her, Mr Bennets amusement and social dismay. Austen uses Mr Bennet to expose Mrs Bennets defected character, but his irony and sarcasm are a deliberate device to add humour to the novel. Airframe by Michael Crichton EssayWhat Austen is trying to show us by keeping Mrs Bennets character static is that is impossible to change her ways. She has gone through life without change and still at her age she has not developed maturity. Therefore she is beyond salvation. By developing the characters of Darcy and Elizabeth, Austen shows the novel has progressed to another stage, whilst Mrs Bennet remain at one solitary stage throughout the whole novel. Even when the Bennet family is disgraced by Wickams elopement with Lydia, Mrs Bennet is still head over heels with hysteria at their wedding, failing to realise the negative effect the affair has had on her family. Overall I believe the main purpose of the character of Mrs Bennet is to add some humour into the novel. With Mr Bennet we laugh with him, but with Mrs Bennet we simply laugh at her. She is a clear caricature of the matchmaking mother. She reinforces the theme of the novel- a social comedy saturated with irony and satire largely aimed at her but also at others. This is true to say about Lady Catherine De Bourgh. In some respects she is one degree worse than Mrs Bennet. While having the same matchmaking tendencies, she is both proud and overbearing, and her daughter reflects the poor parental guidance she gives. We see little contact between Lady Catherine and her daughter Anne, but the mother obviously dominates and at the same time overprotects her so that she does not develop as she should she would have performed delightfullyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ if her health had allowed. It is probable that Mrs Bennet and Lady Catherine could be good friends if not for the their difference in wealth and social status. Parents and their roles are obviously shown throughout the novel. The idea of children maturing out of childhood is also an issue put forward in the novel. Children mark their maturity by accepting their parents, but also gaining their independence from them. Surely so many of Jane Austens parental figures are failures in order tat her heroines may more easily mature by themselves. A good example of this is Elizabeth gaining intelligence and maturity with distant parental influence. The most suitable parents in the whole novel are the Gardiners, they are also the most responsible and sensible. They are highly thought of by Darcy and take control in many of the crisiss towards the end of the story, notably Lydias elopement with Wickam. They provide sensible advice, love and help to Elizabeth when she really should have received this support from her real parents. In many ways Mrs Bennet is similar to Mr Collins. Collins also adds humour to the novel and shares many of the flaws as Mrs Bennet does. Austens humour is highly effective as it pokes fun at people by comparing the way they are with the way they should be. The satire makes us smile rather than laugh at peoples faults, and we may also smile ruefully as we notice our own faults in theirs. Mr Collins is a clergyman, a profession supposed to be charitable, Christian and humble. Mr Collins is in fact, the complete opposite of this. This is seen in many ways, for example he dominates the conversation at Longbourn, grovels to Lady Catherine and makes sarcastic comments to Darcy at the Netherfield ball. In particular his faults are seen when he proposes to Elizabeth. His pompous language, overlong words and too-formal courtesy bring Elizabeth so near laughing that she cannot speak. He also does not seem to realise how he may be offending the Bennets. Mr. Collins thinks highly of himself. His language is pedantically worded which shows us that he is trying to convey that he is an intellectual person. The character of Mr. Collins can be likened to the character of Mary, as, although they are both intelligent, they are very artificial in the way in which they present their intelligence to an audience. Mr. Collins uses long sentences in the letter, which portray the shallowness of his character. In chapter 20, when Mr. Collins proposes to Elizabeth, his speech is stilted, pompous and governed by the overweening egotism. His prolix style leads him to break down his speech into numbered points. Overall, I think the character of Mrs Bennet is effective. Her sheer vulgarity and stupidity make us cringe with embarrassment. She is successful as a caricature. However, it is hard to believe that Jane and Elizabeth could have emerged so adequate from such an unruly environment, and that Lydia could be a product of the same environment that produced her two eldest sisters- the family is too dissimilar. Mrs Bennet is successful in her conveyance of comedy through Austens excellent style, which combines fantastic economy for words and believable dialogue.